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            <div class="post-meta-line"><span class="post-author"><a href="/" title="Author" rel=" author" class="author"><i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw"></i>Cuasloi</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于 <a href="/categories/%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw"></i>设计模式</a></span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-line"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;<time datetime="2021-11-18">2021-11-18</time>&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;约 630 字&nbsp;
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  <ul>
    <li>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#分类">分类</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#饿汉式">饿汉式</a></li>
            <li><a href="#懒汉式">懒汉式</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
            </div><div class="content" id="content"><p>单例模式介绍</p>
<p>提供一种访问其唯一的对象的方式。</p>
<h3 id="分类">分类</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>饿汉式： 类加载就会创建实例对象，会造成内存的浪费。</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>懒汉式： 首次使用时才会创建实例对象。</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="饿汉式">饿汉式</h4>
<ol>
<li>静态变量创建类的对象</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span class="cm">/**
</span><span class="cm"> * 饿汉式
</span><span class="cm"> * 静态变量创建类的对象
</span><span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Singleton</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="c1">//私有构造方法
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nf">Singleton</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="c1">//在成员位置创建该类的对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">();</span>

    <span class="c1">//对外提供静态方法获取该对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="nf">getInstance</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
    
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><ol start="2">
<li>静态代码块中创建对象</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span class="cm">/**
</span><span class="cm"> * 饿汉式
</span><span class="cm"> * 在静态代码块中创建该类对象
</span><span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Singleton</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="c1">//私有构造方法
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nf">Singleton</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span> <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="c1">//在成员位置创建该类的对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>

    <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="c1">//对外提供静态方法获取该对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="nf">getInstance</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="懒汉式">懒汉式</h4>
<ol>
<li>方法锁</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span class="cm">/**
</span><span class="cm"> * 懒汉式
</span><span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Singleton</span> <span class="o">{</span>

  <span class="c1">//私有构造方法
</span><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nf">Singleton</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>

  <span class="c1">//在成员位置创建该类的对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>

  <span class="c1">//对外提供静态方法获取该对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>  <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">synchronized</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="nf">getInstance</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="k">if</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
      <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>
  <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><ol start="2">
<li>双重检查</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span class="cm">/**
</span><span class="cm"> * 双重检查方式
</span><span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Singleton</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="c1">//私有构造方法
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nf">Singleton</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>

    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">volatile</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>

    <span class="c1">//对外提供静态方法获取该对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="nf">getInstance</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="c1">//第一次判断，如果instance不为null，不进入抢锁阶段，直接返回实际
</span><span class="c1"></span>        <span class="k">if</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
            <span class="kd">synchronized</span> <span class="o">(</span><span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">class</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
                <span class="c1">//抢到锁之后再次判断是否为空
</span><span class="c1"></span>                <span class="k">if</span><span class="o">(</span><span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="kc">null</span><span class="o">)</span> <span class="o">{</span>
                    <span class="n">instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">();</span>
                <span class="o">}</span>
            <span class="o">}</span>
        <span class="o">}</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">instance</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><ol start="3">
<li>静态内部类</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-java" data-lang="java"><span class="cm">/**
</span><span class="cm"> * 静态内部类方式
</span><span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">Singleton</span> <span class="o">{</span>

    <span class="c1">//私有构造方法
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="nf">Singleton</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{}</span>

    <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">class</span> <span class="nc">SingletonHolder</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="kd">private</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="kd">final</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="n">INSTANCE</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">new</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span><span class="o">();</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>

    <span class="c1">//对外提供静态方法获取该对象
</span><span class="c1"></span>    <span class="kd">public</span> <span class="kd">static</span> <span class="n">Singleton</span> <span class="nf">getInstance</span><span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
        <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">SingletonHolder</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="na">INSTANCE</span><span class="o">;</span>
    <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
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